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Alexander Long
Alexander Long (December 24, 1816 – November 28, 1886) was a Democratic United States Congressman who served in Congress from March 4, 1863 to March 3, 1865.〔http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=L000410〕 During the Civil War, Long was a prominent "Copperhead", a member of the peace movement of the Democratic Party, and he was identified as being one of the war's most vehement opponents.〔Harlan, Louis R., ed. “The Autobiography of Alexander Long", Bulletin of the Historical and Philosophical Society of Ohio 19 (April 1961): p. 100.〕 Even though Long was a "free-soiler" Democrat who in his early years voted to repeal the "(Black Laws of Ohio )",〔Harlan, op. cit., p. 119.〕 he later opposed both emancipation and suffrage for blacks.〔Harlan, op. cit., p. 102.〕〔Klement, Frank L. "Sound and Fury: Civil War Dissent in the Cincinnati Area," Cincinnati Historical Society Bulletin, 35 (Summer 1977): p. 109.〕〔Hubbell, John T., and James W. Geary, eds. Biographical Dictionary of the Union: Northern Leaders of the Civil War. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1995. p. 315.〕
== Early life ==
Alexander Long was born in the north, in Greenville, Pennsylvania, on December 24, 1816.〔Harlan, op. cit., p. 104.〕 At age twenty-one, in 1838, Long ventured from Pennsylvania to Cincinnati, Ohio and then on to rural Hamilton County, Ohio.〔Harlan, op. cit., p. 100〕 After working several months as a farm hand, Long decided to enhance his rudimentary education at a nearby academy. After graduating, Long became a teacher in the rural schools of Green township, Hamilton County, where he taught for eight years between the years 1840 to 1848.〔Harlan, op. cit., p. 100〕 While working as a teacher, Long began studying law, in 1842, under Thomas J. Gallagher, Esq.〔Harlan, op. cit., p. 116.〕 On October 27 of that same year, 1842, Long married the daughter of one James Sammons of Green township; her name was Cynthia Parker Sammons (1823-1900).〔Harlan, op. cit., p. 116.〕
In March 1845 Long was admitted to the bar by the Ohio Supreme Court then in session at Portsmouth, Sciota County, Ohio.〔Harlan, op. cit., p. 116.〕 Long then entered politics in 1848 after turning down two previous nominations in 1846 and 1847.〔Harlan, op. cit., p. 117.〕 While serving in the Ohio legislature, Long became an important associate of Salmon P. Chase, and Long helped steer the Ohio legislature towards electing Chase as the United States Senator from Ohio in 1848.〔Perzel, Edward S. "Alexander Long, Salmon P. Chase, and The Election of 1868," ''Bulletin of the Historical and Philosophical Society of Ohio'' 23 (January 1965): p. 3.〕 Long also continued to teach when the legislature was not in session.〔Harlan, op. cit., p. 121.〕
After serving two years as a "free-soiler" Democrat〔Harlan, op. cit., p. 102.〕 in the Ohio State House of Representatives (1848-1850), Long began an active and lucrative law practice in January, 1851, whereupon he relocated from Green township to Cincinnati, Ohio.〔Harlan, op. cit., p. 121.〕 A staunch Democrat, Long supported the compromiser James Buchanan on the eve of the war in 1856.〔Harlan, op. cit., p. 102 & 124.〕
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